According to INA § 209(a), for how long must a refugee be physically present in the U.S. to be required to apply for permanent residence?

The requirement specified in INA § 209(a) mandates that a refugee must be physically present in the United States for one year before they are eligible to apply for permanent residence (a green card). This one-year period allows refugees to establish their status in the U.S., adapt to their new environment, and ultimately determine if they wish to pursue permanent residency.

The one-year timeframe is significant because it balances the need for refugees to be given time to settle while also ensuring that individuals are encouraged to pursue permanent status after a reasonable period. The law is designed to offer stability and support for refugees, recognizing their unique circumstances and the challenges they may face when resettling in a new country.

Understanding this timeframe is crucial as it reflects the U.S. government's approach to processing the transition from temporary protection to permanent residency for individuals who fled persecution.