What does the term "adjustment of status" refer to?

The term "adjustment of status" specifically refers to the process by which an eligible individual can become a lawful permanent resident of the United States without needing to return to their home country. This process allows individuals who are already in the U.S. to transition from a non-permanent status, such as a temporary visa or undocumented status, to that of a lawful permanent resident (green card holder).

This process is significant because it can often be more convenient and less disruptive for individuals who are already residing in the U.S. Adjustment of status applicants may include those who are family members of U.S. citizens, employment-based visa holders, or individuals granted asylum, among others. The primary advantage is that it eliminates the need to leave the U.S. for consular processing, which can be time-consuming and may involve additional risks.

In contrast, the other choices do not accurately define adjustment of status. Applying for a student visa or changing immigration status from non-resident to resident can involve different processes that do not specifically pertain to the adjustment of status context. Renewing a green card is a separate action that pertains to maintaining lawful permanent residency, not acquiring it for the first time through adjustment of status.